Mobile Learning
Digital StoryTelling

"Digital Stories are short, personal, multimedia tales, told from the heart. Anyone can make them and publish them on screens anywhere. They have the potential to be a very democratic kind of storytelling." -Daniel Meadows

Overview

Introduction:

"Higher education, the humanities in particular, ask students to engage with the written and spoken word almost exclusively. We train students to read and to listen to experts’ stories while they remain shut outside, peering in, silent, even disconnected. They can feel besieged by a bewildering array of jargon, rules, technologies, and processes that float about them seemingly untethered to anything real, anything in the world, in their world. Indeed we often neglect what Ron Burnett calls the subjective nature of education or the fact that our students have lives. We don’t allow them to bring themselves and their world into their studies, effectively isolating their formal learning inside an insular, privileged world rather than the complex, dynamic, messy realities of life in the larger landscape." (Ganley, 2006)  Digital Storytelling can be used to bridge students' personal experiences with the information they are learning in the classroom.  It allows them to make connections to the content, which will require them to deeply synthesize the material and format the material into a story from their point of view.  Digital Storytelling encourages students to learn deeper because they are able to create a Digital Story that relates ideas to their previous knowledge and experiences instead of memorizing unrelated bits of knowledge (Weigel, 2001)  Digital Stories can also become projects that empower and excite students imaginations instead of making students feel as if they simply want to "get it done" and feel disengaged (Placier, Fitgerald, & Hall, 2000).  There are many purposes to use Digital StoryTelling in the classroom.  Here are some examples:

  1. Corporate Digital StoryTelling
    Digital Storytelling can be used for by corporations to make a profit.  Digital Stories can help large corporations break down the wall of corporate impersonality and interact with potential buyers in a more human and nurturing manner (Beal). 
  2. Digital Storytelling for Personal Reflection
    Digital Storytelling can be used to allow people an opportunity for self reflection.  "Reflection is an active process of witnessing one’s own experience in order to take a closer look at it". (Amulya)  Digital Stories can also be used when dealing with personal beliefs and behaviors since traditional lectures sometimes make participants feels as if they are being "preached at".  Digital StoryTelling can replace formal learning with an informal approach to a learning environment where students can actively examine sensitive issues and work collaboratively with instructors to make individual interpretations and meanings of personal beliefs and attitudes (Hertzberg Kaare & Lunby, 2006). 
  3. Digital Storytelling to Preserve Historical Legacy
    Digital Stories can be used to allow storytellers to honor the service of individuals who have served our community, nation, or mankind. 
  4. Digital Storytelling for Community Building
    Digital Storytelling can be used to create stories that connect people that may be sharing similar hopes or struggles. 
  5. Digital Storytelling for Content Artifacts
    Digital Storytelling can be used to replaces a research paper, PowerPoint presentation, or traditional multiple choice tests.  Just like a research paper, the Digital Story can be based on fact and research data, but be told from the storytellers personal perspective which allows the author to become personally connected with the topic (Northwest Regional Education Lab, 2001)

Seven elements of a good Digital Story

Joe Lambert (2004) identifies seven elements that good digital story needs to contain:

  1. Point of View –
    "Scholarly writing attempts to achieve objectivity by distancing the writer from the material. In contrast, the goal of digital storytelling is to allow a writer to experience the power of personal expression. Therefore, students’ digital stories need to be constructed from their own experience and understanding. Using the first-person pronoun “I” rather than the more distant third-person point of view is essential. This separates the digital story from the third-person PowerPoint report that sometimes replaces or supplements the traditional research report. The digital story reveals the writer, as opposed to offering facts about a distanced topic."  (Lambert, 2004)
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • Why are you telling this story?
      • What is the point of the story and why is it important?
      • Are you sharing something about yourself?
      • How does your story fit into the world around you?
  2. Dramatic Question –
    "A story that holds the attention of the audience has a dramatic question that is resolved by the end of the story. This characteristic distinguishes the digital story from a travelogue. A neighbor’s vacation slides may have an accompanying narrative, sprightly music, and cutting-edge transitional effects. However, it does not hold our attention in the same manner as a well constructed digital story. Narratives that lead the reader to become invested typically pursue a compelling question that evokes interest and commitment. This sets the reader up for the eventual payoff at the close of the story."
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • What questions is your story going to answer?
      • Does the material in your story help answer this question?
      • Is the question resolved by the end of the story?
  3. Emotional Content –
    "The most effective digital stories evoke an emotion from the audience. We often see laughter, tears, and expressions of pleasure from the audience when digital stories are screened. . . An effective digital story works to pursue, discover, and communicate new understanding that is rooted in who we are as humans."
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • What does this story mean to you?
      • What emotions does your story evoke?
      • What emotion are you trying to portray and does the material in your story help?
  4. Economy-
    "The art form of the digital story as practiced in the Center for Digital Storytelling consists of a short two- to three-minute vignette [For this class we are doing a 3-5 minute Digital Story]. This limits the script to a single double-spaced page or the amount of text that can be printed on one side of a standard note card. Limiting the scope of the digital story has two practical benefits. It makes the construction process manageable in a school setting, and it makes it practical for an audience to view the stories of an entire class in a single session. From the perspective of the writing process, the discipline involved in achieving this sharpens the focus of the story, requiring the writer to decide what is essential to the story. Economy is equally important as the digital story is assembled. Modern digital editors offer a plethora of special effects and transitions. It can be tempting to replicate the visual onslaught of music videos on MTV. However, the curricular objective in the language arts classroom is to encourage writing and storytelling. We have found that the effective digital story uses only a few images, a few words, and even fewer special effects to clearly and powerfully communicate intended meaning."
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • How long is your double-spaced script? (should not be longer than 1.5 or 2 pages)
      • Have you read it out loud and timed yourself?
      • Are there any parts that stray from the purpose of answering your dramatic question?
  5. Pacing-
    "Monotonous refers to an unvaried inflection and pace. The word has become synonymous with boring because an unvaried pace will not hold the audience’s attention. You may remember childhood hours sitting up with a parent whose stories would unfold with a rhythm and energy that led you to cling to each word spoken. That is the art of the storyteller. There is an important interaction between economy and pacing. Novice storytellers often attempt to shoehorn several pages of script into a two minute digital story by narrating it as rapidly as they can. This is achieved at the expense of pacing, because this approach does not allow them to pause or vary the pace. For student writers, pacing means pulling back or racing forward when the story calls for it, as opposed to when the time limit approaches. This may require tough decisions about what parts of the story can be omitted. It is important to confront these decisions during the script revision process to allow a natural pace and varied flow when the digital story is constructed."
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • Will there be any pace changes in your story?
      • What are you going to do to build emotion and drama in your story? 
  6. The Gift of Voice –
    "Many of our classrooms have unheard and unseen students who enter, submit work, and leave at the sound of the bell without participating in discussion, group activities, or any task that asks for their voice. The process of digital storytelling allows students to record themselves narrating their own scripts. The pitch, inflection, and timbre of the storyteller’s voice convey meaning and intent in a very personal way. This has proven to be one of the most essential elements that contribute to the effectiveness of a digital story. There is no substitute for using your own voice to tell your story."
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • Are you comfortable listening to your voice?
      • Have you experimented with different pitches, inflections, and timbre to change your voice?
      • Does your microphone have sufficient quality for recording your voice?
  7. The Power of the Soundtrack –
    "Properly employed music can enhance and underscore the accompanying story, adding complexity and depth to the narrative." 
    • Questions to coach your students with:
      • Do you have copyright for the music you intend to use?
      • Does your music help you to create the emotional feeling you are attempting to create?
      • Do you need to use several soundtracks to create build drama?

Creating a Digital Story in iMovie

*Note: Don't forget to copy your iMovie project from your Flash drive to the computer desktop each day.  Before you log off, remember to copy your progress back to your flash drive.  If you don't save it onto your flash drive all your work will be lost!

The best thing to do would be to create a folder on your Desktop.  Then create subfolders to keep your content.  Drag the folder on your desktop to your Flash drive at the end of each class period to keep you project in tact. 

  1. Create a folder for the files in your Digital Story
    Since the lab computers at Wright State have "Deep Freeze" on them, all documents are deleted each time the computer is turned off.  Also, these multimedia projects are so large that they are resource hogs and need to be completed while stored on the hard drive.  So, to make your life easier, you should create a folder on the Desktop of your Mac, then create subfolders to save all the files you will be creating.  Then each night you will drag this to your flash drive so that all your files will be in one place.  Then each day, drag this folder to the desktop to work on your project and then drag it back again at the end of the day. 
  2. iMovie Pre-production
    Before you get started on the creation of your Digital Story, you need to complete some pre-production steps. 
    1. Plan your Digital Story
      • What is your topic?
      • Does it meet the seven guidelines for a good Digital Story.
      • Make an outline.
      • Write your script.
      • What artifacts (images and music) do you need to tell your story?
    2. Prepare the images for your Digital Story
      • Import photos from digital camera
        1. Turn on your Mac and then use a USB cable to connect your camera to your Mac.
        2. Turn on your camera and make sure it’s in playback or view mode. iPhoto automatically opens.
        3. Select your camera in the iPhoto Source list.
      • Scan hard copy photos, documents, or books
        1. Put the original on the glass.
        2. On the Macintosh computer, select HP Scan Pro.  You will find this either on the Dock at the bottom of the screen or in the Finder/Applications. 
        3. You will want to scan your document to a large document (suggested 640 X 480 DPI). 
        4. You should look at your original and make the right adjustments to the selects that would be best for the scanning for your particular original.  Most of the selections will go something like:
          • Source= Original from glass
          • Output= Millions of colors
          • Resolution= 72 DPI
          • Sharpen= Normal
          • Dust & Scratch Removal= Normal
        5. Select Accept.  The HP scanner begins to scan.  You will see a progress bar.  You may get a message asking if you want to scan with current resolution.  Answer Yes. 
        6. You will see the documents highlighted on your screen.  It will have "marching ants" to indicate the scanned area.  You may adjust the area scanned.  Continue. 
        7. You will get a Save As dialog box.  Give your scanned image a name.  Save it to your flash drive.  Save it as a JPG. 
      • Copy images from Internet
        1. Launch the Safari Internet Brower.
        2. Go to Google (or other Search engine) http://www.google.com
        3. Select the Image tab and search for your desired image. 
        4. Once your results are showing change the Image Size to Large.
        5. Click on the thumbnail image to launch it.  Click on See Full-Image.
        6. Click Control (CTRL) & Click on the image at the same time.  You will get a shortcut menu that launches. 
        7. Select Add Image to iPhoto Library. 
        8. iPhoto automatically launches and the image is added to the library. 
        9. Click on the image and review the [I] Information button in the lower left corner to get the information about this photo.  Look at the image size.
        10. Create a new Photo album to keep all your photos together by clicking on the plus in the lower left corner of the iPhoto window.  Give it an appropriate name to keep your photos and images together that you are collecting for your Digital Story. 
        11. Keep repeating this process until you have your images and are ready to back them up on your flash drive. 
        12. You must save everything back to your flash drive each because these are lab computers and everything is wiped off of them each time they are turned off.  Select the new photo album that you have created.  Select File/ Export.  Make sure the File Export tab is selected.  Keep images in Full Size.  Ensure that Use Extension is selected.  Click Export/ Select your flash drive/ Create a folder called Digital Stories (if you don't already have one)/ Create a sub-folder for this album of images.  Click OK. 
    3. Get your music digitized with iTunes
      You will also need music for your Digital Story.  Participants are asked to ONLY use music that they have purchased or have the proper copyright privileges.
      • Ripping songs from CD
        http://www.apple.com/ilife/tutorials/itunes/it1-2.html
        1. Open iTunes, and then insert a music CD into your computer.
        2. Click iTunes/ Preferences/ Advanced/ Import Using = MP3 encoder.  Click OK. 
        3. Click the CD name in the Source list to see the songs on the CD.
        4. Uncheck any songs you don’t want to import. Only checked songs will be imported.
        5. After you decide which songs to import, click the Import CD button in the lower right corner. iTunes will begin copying the music from your CD to your iTunes Library. You will get an audible "bing" when it is done ripping the song. 
        6. After all the songs are imported, click the Eject Disc button in the bottom right corner. (Apple)
        7. Launch Finder and navigate to the digitized song and copy it to your Flash Drive.
          • Click Music and iTunes.
          • Keep clicking on folders until you find your song (will have an mp3 extension). 
          • Select the file.  Click Edit on the Menu Bar/ Select Copy. 
          • Select your folder on the desktop or Flash Drive.  Navigate to the right folder and/or create a new sub folder.
          • Click Edit on the Menu Bar/ Click Paste
  3. Launch iMovie
    Now that you are done with your pre-production, you can begin to assemble your Digital Story by launching iMovie. 
    • Click on iMovie on the dock on the bottom of your computer screen.
    • You should see a white dialog box that gives you three options: Create a New Project, Open an existing project, or Make a Magic Movie.  If you don't see this dialog box, click File/ Close Window.  Now this dialog box should be showing. 
    • Select New Project.  Add the following information:
      • Project = Give your iMovie project a name.  Make sure the blue arrow on the right is pointing up so that you see all the saving options.
      • Video Format= DV
      • Select Desktop/ New folder created.  You can click and add new folders as needed. 
      • Click Create. 
  4. Add your Digital Music
    Now you can add your digitized music to your Digital Story.  iMovie has an additional sound track for music in addition to your narration sound track.  This allows you to add music to the entire Digital Story or at specified segments (like the opening or closing).  If your sound track is playing as background music during your narration, make sure your adjust the level of your music track so that you narration can be clearly heard and understood.  Here is how to do these things:
    • Adding a soundtrack-
      1. Click the timeline viewer button. Notice the two additional audio tracks beneath the video track.
      2. Move the playhead to where you want the music to begin in the timeline.
      3. Click the Media button and then click the Audio button. Notice the source list showing you have audio available from GarageBand and iTunes, as well as sound effects that come with iMovie.
      4. Click the disclosure triangle to show your iTunes Library. Click your library to see your iTunes music. Your songs will be displayed in the track list, right below the source list. You can resize the track list if needed.
      5. Select a song and click the audio Play button to listen to the song. Click the Place at Playhead button to import the song into your movie. One the song is imported; you'll see it added to an audio track in the timeline viewer. Click the Play button to listen to your movie with your new soundtrack. (Apple)
    • Adjusting the level of sound
      1. To adjust the volume of the track, use the clip volume controls underneath the audio tracks. Notice the percentage update to reflect your new volume.
      2. Adjust the length of the track by dragging the end of the song towards the middle. You may have to scroll to reach the end of the song.
      3. To place a soft fade at the new song ending, select Show Clip Volume Levels from the View menu. Your song will now show a line indicating it has a constant audio level setting for the entire song. To fade the end of the song, click the end of the clip level line and drag it to the bottom of the clip. Notice only the end of the line changes, indicated by the yellow color. This shows the volume is fading out at the new end of your song.
      4. Move the playhead to a few seconds before the end of your song. Press the Space bar to review how the song sounds with your new fade at the end. From the audio source list, close your iTunes Library and select Skywalker Sound Effects.
      5. From the track list, scroll down until you see Outdoor Cheer. Select Outdoor Cheer and click the audio Play button to hear how it sounds. This could be a fun ending to your song. Drag it from the track list and place in alongside your song ending in the empty audio track. Play your movie again to hear the new ending to your song. (Apple)
  5. Record your narration
    Now that you have written the script for your Digital Story, it is time to record your narration.  You should plan on recording your narration in segments.  Recording your script as one long recording makes it difficult to "get-it-right" the first time and makes it almost impossible to edit.  By recording your narration in bite sized segments you can easily and quickly re-record the segment and replace it with the new segment.  To record your narration, here is what to do:
    1. Plug your headset or microphone into the USB port. 
    2. Now you need to set the preferences for your Apple computer to use the LogiTech as the sound system.
      • Click on the blue apple in the upper left corner
      • Open up you Macintosh system preferences
      • Click on Sound
      • Click the Output tab/ Select LogiTech USB Headset. 
        • There seems to be a quirk in the system for this to be accepted.  To ensure that your computer is taking this info (or if you need to redo it because you lost the sound), re-click the Internal Speakers and then select the LogiTech USB Headset one more time. 
        • Select the Mute (even if it is not checked), and then uncheck it to ensure that Mute is not selected.
      • Click the input tab/ Select LogiTech USB Headset.
        • There seems to be a quirk in the system for this to be accepted.  To ensure that your computer is taking this info (or if you need to redo it because you lost the sound), re-click the Internal Microphone and then select the LogiTech USB Headset one more time. 
        • Select the Mute (even if it is not checked), and then uncheck it to ensure that Mute is not selected.
      • To ensure your speakers are working click on the Sound Effects tab.  Change the Play Alerts and Sound Effects through to your USB LogiTech Headset.  Double click on a sound effect.  You should hear it through your headset.
      • Close the Sound System Preference window.
      • Check your Headset to ensure that it is turned on (Blue light on the cord is not blinking).
      • Check to see that the volume on your headset is turned up (click the up arrow on your cord of your headset and you will see and hear the volume go up and down). 
      • If you should loose your sound during the process of creating this project, re-do these steps.
    3. Launch iMovie.  Select Create a New Project.
    4. You will get a Create Project dialog box.  Fill in the following information:
      • Project: Give your iMovie Project a file name (LastName_StoryTitle_iMovieProject). 
      • Where: Select Desktop.  These projects are usually so large the it is imperative to save them to your computers desktop or hard drive while you are actively working on them.  To work on an iMovie from your network drive or your flash drive would simply be too slow.  When you are done working on your project save it and then store a copy on your flash drive.  Remember almost all computers in a lab environment are set to delete all files added when the computer is shut down each day.  Your iMovie file will most likely NOT be there the next time you sit down at a lab computer- so don't forget to move a copy to your flash drive or all your work will be lost. 
    5. Click the Media tab and click on the red button next to the Microphone to begin your narration.  As you are recording, watch the color indicator which gives your voice level.  Keep you level in the mid-green to keep your level consistent and not too loud.  You can adjust this by adjusting the placement of your microphone and also adjusting the level of your voice.  Only record the script for the first segment of your digital story.  Click the left double arrows to return to the beginning of the narration and listen to your narration.  Delete your recording and try this process a few times until you are happy with the quality of your narration. 
      • Name the narration segment- Select the narration segment.  Give each narration segment a meaningful name by right clicking or File/Show Info.  In the Name box, type in a meaningful name.  Click Set.  Click on the narration segment again and you can see the new name and time of the segment listed in the bottom of the screen. 
    6. Click File/ Save Project after each addition to your Digital Story. 
    7. Continue this process until you have recorded all segments of your Digital Story. 
  6. Adding digital photographs and images to your Digital Story
    To add photos to your iMovie project:
    1. In iMovie, click the Media button to open the iLife Media Browser. Choose Photos to see your iPhoto Library and click Show Photo Settings to see the Photo Settings window. The Photo Settings window allows you to set the Ken Burns Effect. For now, disable the Ken Burns effect using the checkbox in the Photo Settings window.
    2. Use the arrows to scroll through all the pictures in your library.
    3. Drag a photo from your iPhoto Library to the clip viewer. Notice the photo will be imported into your iMovie project and placed on the timeline. Look at the top of the new clip in the timeline to see the duration associated with your photo.
    4. Double-click on the photo in the timeline to see information about it. Give your photo a new name and change the duration to 4 seconds. Click Set to see the changes take effect in the timeline.
    5. Select another photo in your iPhoto Library. From the Photo Settings window, turn the Ken Burns effect on to apply motion to the next photo you’ll import. To make setting the motion easier, click the icon with two arrows to deselect the loop option in the Preview window.
    6. In the Photo Settings window, click in the Start area. Move the Zoom slider to the left until it reads 1.00. Next, click the End area and set the Zoom slider to the middle. Use the bottom slider to adjust the time associated with your image. Click the loop arrows to see a preview of the motion that will be applied to your photo.
    7. Click Apply to have your photo imported to the timeline with the Ken Burns effect applied.
    8. Select your photo in the timeline and change the duration and direction using the Photo Settings window. Click Apply to update your photo.
    9. Click the Rewind button, then press the Space bar to see the new photos play in your movie. (Apple)
    10. Save your iMovie project. 
  7. Adding themes (good for opening or closing credits)
    Each Digital Story should have an opening and closing title, but some people also add titles throughout the story.  At the beginning of your Digital Story you should include the title of your story, your name, and the date you created it.  At the end you should include your closing credits.  The closing credits should include any comments you wish to extend to your audience.  You may also want to include comments or chapter information during your Digital Story.  This information can be included through the use of titles or themes.  You may choose to use either. 
    1. Select the Themes tab.
    2. Select a style by clicking the pull down menu to pick from 5 different themes: Travel, Road Trip, Pass Through, Reflection White & Black. 
    3. Click on the of the Elements to see a preview.  While you are not limited to how to use the Elements, each Element has been designed for the following purposes:
      1. Open- Great for the opening of your iMovie.
      2. Chapter- Good for beginning of a new chapter or section.
      3. Bumper- Good to segue between two sections.
      4. Lower third-Use to display a title over a singe photo or video clip.
      5. Credits- Used to display credits at the end of a movie. 
    4. Click Show Drop Zone to open up template to add photos or video clips.  Drag digital photos into the drop zones.
    5. Click Apply to create a new video clip that uses your title, video, and/or photo. You’ll see a new clip added to the end of your movie.
    6. After iMovie finishes creating, or rendering, the clip, drag it to the place you would like the themed video to be inserted. 
    7. You may add as many theme videos as you wish.  After you add a theme you need to wait for it to render before continuing. 
  8. Adding titles (good for opening or closing credits)
    Each Digital Story should have an opening and closing title, but some people also add titles throughout the story.  At the beginning of your Digital Story you should include the title of your story, your name, and the date you created it.  At the end you should include your closing credits.  The closing credits should include any comments you wish to extend to your audience.  You may also want to include comments or chapter information during your Digital Story.  This information can be included through the use of titles or themes.  You may choose to use either. 
    1. Open the clip viewer and click the Return button. This will set the location for our title to be at the beginning of the movie.
    2. Click the Editing button, and then click the Titles button.
    3. Select Centered Title from the list of available title styles. Notice the preview window shows the title using sample text.
    4. Enter your own title in the lines provided. Notice you can add additional lines by using the Add (+) button. Adjust the size of the text to fit better on screen.
    5. Adjust the speed or duration sliders to your preference. Select Over black and click the Add button to create the new title. Notice your new clip is added to the beginning of your movie. A small red line below the transition marker updates as the title is being created, or rendered.
    6. Select your new title clip and choose a different title style. Click the disclosure triangle for Bouncing to reveal multiple choices. Select Bounce Across as the new style for your title.
    7. Use the Wave, Speed, and Pause sliders to customize the title style. You can also select the direction text will enter the screen using the arrow buttons to the left of the text fields.
    8. Deselect "Over black" and click Update. This will change your previous title to now play over your first video clip.
    9. Select the Scrolling - Rolling Centered Credits title to create a closing credits clip for your movie. (Apple)
    10. Save your iMovie project.
  9. Adding transitions
    To add transitions to your iMovie project:
    1. Open the clip viewer and click the Return button. This will set the location for our first transition to be at the beginning of the movie.
    2. Click the Editing button and then click Transitions. You’ll see a list of all the transitions you can choose from.
    3. Select Fade In and watch the preview applied to your first clip. You can control the length of the fade in using the speed slider.
    4. Drag the Fade-In transition to be the first clip in your movie. You’ll see the other clips shift to the right as you drop the fade-in in place and you’ll see a new transition marker get added to your movie. Notice the small red line below the transition marker. This line appears while the transition is being created, or rendered.
    5. After the transition marker renders, click the Rewind button and watch the new opening of your movie.
    6. Select the second video clip in your movie, and then select the Cross Dissolve transition. Notice the preview window now shows a cross dissolve from your first video clip to the second.
    7. Drag the Cross Dissolve transition to the location between your first and second video clips to apply it.
    8. After the new transition renders, click Rewind, and then click Play. Notice how the new cross dissolve provides a smooth transition between your two clips.
    9. Select the cross dissolve transition marker, and change the speed of the transition using the speed slider. Click Update to apply the new speed to your existing transition. (Apple)
    10. Save your iMovie project.
  10. Share your Digital Story as a Podcast
    Here is how to save Digital Story as a Podcast
    1. Click File/ Save Project As/ Give your iMovie project a different name and save it on your desktop.  You should use a name that you want referenced as the title of your Digital Story (ex- A Day at the Beach).  Use capitals and spaces where needed to make the file name meaningful.  You will see the new file title referenced at the top of the screen. 
    2. Click Share/ iPod/ Share.  iMovie will compile all your many files into one compressed MP4 file and save it as a movie in your iTunes library. 
    3. Close iMovie.  If iTunes did not automatically launch, go ahead and launch it. 
    4. Click on Movies in your iTunes library. Select your Digital Story. 
      • Click View/ Show Artwork to see your video. 
      • Click on the video in the lower left corner to launch separate viewer.  You can size the viewer, move it, and see the chapters. 
      • Select your vodcast and click the right arrow to view it. 
    5. Make a copy of your Digital Story podcast file and save it to your flash drive. 
      • Launch Finder.  Select Movies.  Select your Digital Story. 
      • Select Edit/ Copy
      • Select your Flash drive.  Navigate to the folder that you wish to save your Digital Story file.
      • Click Edit/ Paste. 
    6. Upload your Digital Story Podcast to your WebCT Mobile Learning class in the Discussion posting. 
  11. Saving your Digital Story to a CD
    Save your Digital Story to a CD.  Make two copies.  You will keep one copy and I will keep the other. 
    1. Click File/ Save Project As/ Give your iMovie project a different name and save it on your desktop.  You should use a name that you want referenced as the title of your Digital Story (ex- A Day at the Beach).  Use capitals and spaces where needed to make the file name meaningful.  You will see the new file title referenced at the top of the screen. 
    2. Click Share/ QuickTime/ Share. 
    3. Make sure that CD-ROM is select for the "Compress Movie For" option.
    4. iMovie will compile all your many files into one compressed .MOV file and save it on your desktop (unless you chose a different location).  Go ahead and save it to your desktop. 
    5. Copy the Digital Story .MOV file to a CD
      • Insert a blank CD into your computer.
      • Open Finder.  Select Desktop. Select the Digital Story file on the desktop.  Select Edit/ Copy. 
      • Select the Untitled CD in your Finder window.  Select Paste Item. 
      • In the right corner of your Finder window, click on Burn. 
      • Give your disc a name (example: Stover Digital Story).  Click Burn. This process may take awhile since these are very large files. 
  12. Creating a label for your Digital Story CD
    There are many different ways to create labels for CDs and DVDs.  Feel free to use any method you prefer to create a label for your Digital Story CD.  Avery provides a free web site that will enable your to create labels in a PC or Mac environment.  The only thing you need to create these labels is the label stock.  Using Avery labels makes this easier, but competitive labels usually list the equivalent Avery reference number that you need to complete these labels.  Go to the Avery web site (http://www.avery.com/us/print) and follow the wizard to create your label.  The lab in Allen Hall 255 only has black and white printers.  Feel free to print this downstairs in the ERC for a small charge or use a different color printer for a better looking, color label. 
  13. [OPTIONAL] Upload Digital Story to the Wright State iTunesU
    If you would like to upload your Digital Story to the Wright State iTunes site, the instructions are listed below.  This is completely optional, and I will need you to sign a student release form before doing this.  Please ensure that your Digital Story follows all Copyright guidelines.  We can have no more than 10% of any songs included because publishing a Digital Story in this format would be using the music in a different format than the classroom.  When you publish to the WSU iTunesU site, you may not use more than the Copyright Fair Use guidelines even if you purchase the music from iTunes or another location.  Here is how to post to the WSU iTunesU site. 
    1. Open up the Wright State iTunesU web site (http://www.wright.edu/itunes/).  Click Go to iTunesU.
    2. Authenticate with your Wright State user name and password (your W#). 
    3. Click on the Digital Stories icon for our class. 
    4. Click on Upload Files in the upper right corner.
    5. Click on Add Track in the upper left corner.
    6. At the bottom of the page you will see the option to Upload To Podcasts.  Click the Browse button to the right.  Navigate on your computer to find your Podcast file (it will have a MP4 extension).  Select it, Click Open. 
    7. Click Return to iTunes in the upper right corner.  You will see your Digital Story posted. 

Optional Just-in-time Tutorials

Resources

  1. Coleman, Sonia. (2003). Introduction to sound. Retrieved November 29, 2006 from http://www.soniacoleman.com/Tutorials/PowerPoint/basics.htm
  2. Ganley, Barbara. (2006). bgtblogging. Retrieved from http://mt.middlebury.edu/middblogs/ganley/bgblogging/011952.html
  3. Lambert, Joe. (2004).  As quoted by Bull, Glen, & Kajder, Sara. Digital Storytelling in the Language Arts Classroom. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32(4), 46-49. Retrieved October 18, 2006 from http://cs2.cust.educ.ubc.ca/csed/400/csed%5Freadings/display%2024.pdf
  4. Hertzberg Kaare, Birgit, & Lunby, Knut. (2006). Constructing Digital Stories on Faith and Life- An experiment in religious education.  Retrieved from http://www.dream.dk/uploads/files/Kaare, Birgit Hertzberg & Lundby, Knut  .pdf
  5. Meadows, Daniel. (n.d.). What is Digital Storytelling? Retrieved October 24, 2006, from http://www.photobus.co.uk/dstory_01.html
  6. Northwest Educational Lab. (2001). 6+1 Trait® Writing Scoring Guide. Retrieved from http://www.nwrel.org/assessment/scoring.php?odelay=3&d=1&r=3#definition
  7. Placier, P., Fitzgerald, K., and Hall, P. (2000) "I Just Did It to Get it Done” – The Transformation of Intentions in Portfolio Assessment in Teacher Education. Paper presented at annual meeting of AERA, April 2001, Seattle WA. Retrieved from  http://www.coe.missouri.edu/~sti/papers/AERA2001/portfolio.pdf